Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. However, if you wait until the lighter days of your period or until you have stopped bleeding your test results are likely to be more accurate.

Yes. The swab is inserted into the lower part of the vagina and will not affect the baby in anyway. The test is just as accurate if taken when you are pregnant.

As soon as your test results become available, we will send you a text message to let you know. If you have an infection, an NHS clinician will then call you to discuss your treatment.

Regardless of whether you have an infection or not, only trained NHS clinicians will see your test results. All staff are bound by confidentiality. Your results will never be shared with anyone else without your permission.

No STI test is 100% accurate. It can take time for some STIs to show up in tests, this is referred to as the incubation period. These times can vary between 2 weeks and 3 months. The test result that shows a possible infection is called 'reactive'. For HIV testing, a 'reactive' test will require further investigation to confirm the result. False reactives are rare but do happen.

You can get tested for BV at your local clinic, but this test is not available through online testing.

Most people will receive their results by text message. However, in some cases an NHS clinician will call to discuss your test results and treatment.

Your test kit will be delivered by Royal Mail in a plain envelope. It will be sent by standard post, meaning that a signature is not required. The envelope will fit through a standard letter box.

We would strongly recommend that you visit a clinic as soon as you can, if one or more of the following applies to you:

• If you have been sexually assaulted
• If you are a man who has sex with men and have had unprotected sex in the last three days
• If you have any symptoms
• If you are a woman and have had unprotected sex in the last five days and think you are at risk of being pregnant
• If you are under the age of 16.

We appreciate that some people may not wish to provide a blood sample. If you do not return a blood sample, we will be unable to test for Syphilis or HIV. In some regions we offer people a choice of tests (agreed by the commissioning Local Authority and/or healthcare provider in that region). Remember, all of your results are confidential.

Your results will never be shared with anyone else, in or outside the NHS, without your permission.

If you have an infection you will need to visit a clinic to receive treatment. An NHS clinician will be available to discuss your treatment with you.

If you lose your mobile phone after you have ordered a test kit, please contact us as soon as possible, quoting your name, date of birth and postcode, and a new mobile telephone number (if you have one). Email us at: stsft.sunderlandsexualhealth@nhs.net or call us on: (0191) 569 9966.

No. We currently test for Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis and HIV. If you would like to test for Hepatitis (B or C) we would recommend you visit your local clinic.

If your test kit does not arrive in the post within 7 working days, please contact us as soon as possible, quoting your name, date of birth and postcode. Email us at: stsft.sunderlandsexualhealth@nhs.net or call us on: (0191) 569 9966.

If you have an infection you should tell all of your current partners and anyone else that you have had sex with in the last 6 months. They may have an STI without knowing it, and may be passing it on to other people, so it is important for them to be tested. We know that you might find this difficult, so if you have an infection an NHS clinician will discuss notifying your partners with you. 

FAQs about testing for HIV

The definitions below may be useful when reading these FAQs about HIV:

• HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Antibody -something your body produces to fight an infection
• Antigen - a part of the virus or bacteria causing an infection that a test may detect
• Point of Care Test (POCT) - a test that is done by a health care professional with the patient present that gives an instant result
• Micro-container - the container that SH:24 uses to collect blood samples to send to the laboratory
• Screening test - a test that looks for the likelihood of an infection or disease being present but is not a definite diagnosis – other tests are needed to confirm the disease or infection is present
• Diagnostic test - a test or group of tests that are used to confirm the presence of a disease or infection (often done after a screening test)
• Reactive - a term used for a screening test that means the test has suggested the presence of infection but needs to be confirmed
• Positive - a term that is used with more confidence when a test or group of tests confirms the presence of a disease or infection
• Sensitivity - a measure of how accurately a test can confirm an infection is present (a very sensitive test would have very low or no false negatives)
• Specificity - a measure of how accurately a test can exclude that an infection is present (a very specific test would have very low or no false positives)
• Window period - the time it takes from someone catching an infection to when it can be confidently detected by a test

What does ‘reactive’ mean, and why do I need to have another test?

In order to make testing at home as easy as possible, we use a finger prick test and collect a small blood sample in the micro-container. The micro-container is the name of the little bottle you collect your blood sample in. When the sample reaches the laboratory they do a screening test to look for the presence of HIV antibodies. If this is positive, they repeat the screening test. If it is positive a second time the test is called ‘reactive’. This means it looks like HIV is present but it has not been confirmed.

It is not possible to confirm a positive result on the micro-container sample – this is because of the sensitivity and specificity of the test (see definitions above). So a ‘reactive result’ may be a true positive – but it may also be a ‘false positive’. This is why all ‘reactive’ test results need to be referred into clinic for further blood tests before an HIV positive diagnosis can be made.

An HIV-negative result can be confidently given on the small blood sample we send to the lab. This is because the test is very sensitive and we don’t expect any false negatives as long as the test has been done within the window period of the test (4 weeks).

Could I get a false positive HIV result because I have another condition?

False positive results are rare and occur in less than 0.3% of cases.

A false positive can be the result of a recent flu vaccination, current or recent viral infections and sometimes multiple pregnancies. More rarely, false positive results have been reported as a result of a small number of other medical conditions and vaccines, though such results are unusual. Most commonly there is no obvious reason for a false positive and they often happen in healthy people. This may be because other normal antibodies that are present in the blood ‘cross react’ or ‘confuse’ the test.

Why do I have to have another test to confirm an HIV reactive result?

Nobody should be told they are HIV positive based on the result of a single test – this is why we call the HIV result ‘reactive’. Following a reactive result, you will be referred into clinic where you will  be offered a further screening test which is a blood test taken from your arm with a syringe – this allows the clinic to get a larger sample of blood which they can send to the laboratory to run a sequence of tests for confirmatory testing.

The principle of this multiple testing strategy is that the screening test used should have a very high sensitivity (i.e. you don’t expect any false negatives). In other words, they will detect all people who are truly HIV negative. But the test may also incorrectly report as positive a small number of people who are not infected at all i.e. a small false positive rate – this is because the test is not 100% specific. This is why we refer all reactives in for confirmatory testing.

What are the differences between HIV 1 and 2?

There are two major types of the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV-1, which was discovered first, is the most widespread type worldwide. HIV-2 is most common in people of west African origin. HIV-2 is very rare in the UK – with just a few hundred people infected with this strain (<1%). Both viruses, if untreated, will result in AIDS and the infection is contracted in the same way.

Depending on your gender and sexual preference we will ask you to provide us with samples to test for the four most common STIs: 

Heterosexual Men

• A urine sample to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea
• A small blood sample to test for Syphilis and HIV

Heterosexual Women

• A vaginal swab to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea
• A small blood sample to test for Syphilis and HIV

Homosexual or Bi Men

• A urine sample to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea in your urine
• A oral swab to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea in your mouth
• A anal swab to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea in your anus
• A small blood sample to test for Syphilis and HIV

Homosexual or Bi Women

• A vaginal swab to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea
• A small blood sample to test for Syphilis and HIV

Trans*

• Trans* users will receive a kit according to the genitals they have